Sentiment Analysis for Therapy Chatbots: A Comparison of Supervised Learning Approaches IEEE Conference Publication

Pounce answers questions about admissions, financial aid, and registration, reducing the number of students who drop out due to confusion or lack of information. Chatbots will level up the experience for both your current and prospective students. Like creating PowerPoint slides, you can manually define a main chat flow or ask AI to auto-generate one.

The study reported positive user feedback on the chatbot’s ease of use, usefulness, and enjoyment, as measured by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Similarly, Yang (2022) underscored the favourable views of AICs in English language education, with teachers valuing the chatbot’s capacity to manage routine tasks, thereby allowing them to concentrate on more substantial classroom duties. In this study, students appreciated the supplemental use of chatbots for their ability to provide immediate feedback on unfamiliar words or concepts, thereby enriching their English textbook learning. The first one delves into the effects of AICs on language competence and skills. These studies showed how AICs can manage personal queries, correct language mistakes, and offer linguistic support in real-time.

It has also been observed that some students’ interest dwindled after the initial period of engagement due to repetitive conversation patterns and redundancies, making the interaction less natural compared to student–teacher exchanges (Fryer et al., 2019). This line of research investigates how the interactive nature of some AICs can reduce students’ anxiety and cognitive load (Hsu et al., 2021) and promote an engaging learning environment (Bao, 2019). Furthermore, some authors have examined the ability of chatbots to promote self-directed learning, given their wide availability and capacity for personalized responses (Annamalai et al., 2023). Nonetheless, certain researchers, including Ayedoun et al. (2015) and Fryer et al. (2019), have indicated that the initial enthusiasm and engagement students show towards chatbots may be short-lived, attributing this to the novelty effect of this technology.

1 Research questions

The theta-gamma neural code ensures streamlined information transmission, akin to a postal service efficiently packaging and delivering parcels. This aligns with “neuromorphic computing,” where AI architectures mimic neural processes to achieve higher computational efficiency and lower energy consumption. Learn about how the COVID-19 pandemic rocketed the adoption of virtual agent technology (VAT) into hyperdrive. IBM watsonx Assistant provides customers with fast, consistent and accurate answers across any application, device or channel. By sending questions on various subjects via messaging apps, QuizBot helps students retain information more effectively and prepare for exams in a fun and interactive way. Since different researchers with diverse research experience participated in this study, article classification may have been somewhat inaccurate.

In recent years, chatbots have emerged as powerful tools in various industries, including education. By leveraging artificial intelligence development solutions, they are transforming the way students learn and interact with educational content.educational content. Powered by super AI, a unique combination of generative AI and cognitive AI, Juji’s education solution enables the best-in-class chatbots to aid both students and instructors, aiming at delivering superior user experience and learning outcomes. These chatbots are also faster to build and easier to be integrated with other education applications.

Data security

MIT is also heavily invested in AI with its MIT Intelligence Quest (MIT IQ) and MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab initiatives, exploring the potential of AI in various fields. In conversations with other people, we routinely ask for clarifying details, repeat ideas in different ways, allow a conversation to go in unexpected directions, and guide others back to the topic https://chat.openai.com/ at hand. For example, if you are using a chatbot to reflect on a recent experience and to think of possible next steps, a conversational tone might yield better results. Try beginning the same way you would begin a chat conversation with a colleague or acquaintance. Bing Chat, an AI chatbot developed by Microsoft, also uses the GPT large language model.

Conversational Agents (CAs) are among the most prominent AI systems for assisting teaching and learning processes. Their integration into an e-learning system can provide replies suited to each learner’s specific needs, allowing them to study at their own pace. In this Chat GPT paper, based on recent advancements in Natural Language Processing (NLP) and deep learning techniques, we present an experimental implementation of an educational chatbot intended to instruct secondary school learners Logo, an educational programming language.

This study focuses on using chatbots as a learning assistant from an educational perspective by comparing the educational implications with a traditional classroom. Therefore, the outcomes of this study reflected only on the pedagogical outcomes intended for design education and project-based learning and not the interaction behaviors. As users, the students may have different or higher expectations of EC, which are potentially a spillover from use behavior from chatbots from different service industries.

• Although Andy scores slightly higher, it still reveals a need for more adaptable conversation styles for advanced learners.
• You can answer questions coming from web chats, mobile apps, WhatsApp, and Facebook Messenger from one platform.
• It was a great opportunity to be creative and figure out how to activate in-context learning, taking advantage of the unique spaces where the students were, and the wide world out there.

As such, we mitigated this risk by cross-checking the work done by each reviewer to ensure that no relevant article was erroneously excluded. We also discussed and clarified all doubts and gray areas after analyzing each selected article. Visual cues such as progress bars, checkmarks, or typing indicators can help users understand where they are in the conversation and what to expect next. Predicted to experience substantial growth of approximately $9 billion by 2029, the Edtech industry demonstrates numerous practical applications that highlight the capabilities of AI and ML. Guided analysis of how AI can affect your own courses and teaching practice, covering ethical issues, student success issues, and workload balance.

AI-powered teacher’s assistant

It is very important that they understand from the beginning that they are not chatting with a human. At the same time, they should also be told who is the teacher who has designed the chatbot and, most importantly, that the information they share with the chatbot will be seen by the teacher. Depending on the activity and the goals, I often design the bot to ask students for a code name instead of their real name (the chatbot refers to the person by that name at different points in the conversation).

Equally, for motivational belief, which is the central aspect needed to encourage strategic learning behavior (Yen, 2018). A well-functioning team can leverage individual team members’ skills, provide social support, and allow for different perspectives. This can lead to better performance and enhance the learning experience (Hackman, 2011). For example, teams can use a chatbot to synthesize ideas, develop a timeline of action items, or provide differing perspectives or critiques of the team’s ideas. Remember to take the lead when using chatbots for team projects, making your own choices while incorporating the helpful and discarding what is not. Metacognitive skills can help students understand how learning works, increase awareness of gaps in their learning, and lead them to develop study techniques (Santascoy, 2021).

During the 1-month intervention period in each educational setting, participants independently completed the assessment reports. They were instructed to provide personal feedback on their interaction with each AIC, using the template to note both positive and negative aspects. Additionally, they were asked to attach 12 screenshots illustrating their interaction, three with each AIC, to support their assessment. QDA Miner Software was used for textual analysis of students’ written evaluations on each AIC, adhering to a provided template.

For institutions already familiar with the conversational sales and support landscapes, harnessing the potential of chatbots could catapult their educational services to the next level. Here, you’ll find the benefits, use cases, design principles and best practices for chatbots in the education sector, predominantly for institutions or services focused on B2C interaction. Whether you are just beginning to consider a chatbot for education or are looking to optimize an existing one, this article is for you. Subsequently, the chatbot named after the course code (QMT212) was designed as a teaching assistant for an instructional design course.

While studies like those of Chen et al. (2020) and Chocarro et al. (2023) have begun exploring these areas, there is a need for a more targeted framework to evaluate satisfaction with AICs in the context of language learning. To address this need, our study investigates EFL teacher candidates’ levels of satisfaction and perceptions of four AICs. As technology continues to advance, AI-powered educational chatbots are expected to become more sophisticated, providing accurate information and offering even more individualized and engaging learning experiences. They are anticipated to engage with humans using voice recognition, comprehend human emotions, and navigate social interactions. This includes activities such as establishing educational objectives, developing teaching methods and curricula, and conducting assessments (Latif et al., 2023). Considering Microsoft’s extensive integration efforts of ChatGPT into its products (Rudolph et al., 2023; Warren, 2023), it is likely that ChatGPT will become widespread soon.

For example, a chatbot can be added to Microsoft Teams to create and customize a productive hub where content, tools, and members come together to chat, meet and collaborate. Chatbot developers create, debug, and maintain applications that automate customer services or other communication processes. IBM’s Watson is an AI heavyweight, lending its capabilities to research, data analysis, and complex problem-solving in the educational sphere.

What for: Chatbots Use Cases in Education Explained

The ability of AI chatbots to accurately process natural human language and automate personalized service in return creates clear benefits for businesses and customers alike. Usually, weak AI fields employ specialized software or programming languages created specifically for the narrow function required. For example, A.L.I.C.E. uses a markup language called AIML,[3] which is specific to its function as a conversational agent, and has since been adopted by various other developers of, so-called, Alicebots. Nevertheless, A.L.I.C.E. is still purely based on pattern matching techniques without any reasoning capabilities, the same technique ELIZA was using back in 1966. This is not strong AI, which would require sapience and logical reasoning abilities.

• Further, none of the articles discussed or assessed a distinct personality of the chatbots though research shows that chatbot personality affects users’ subjective satisfaction.
• For example, if you are using a chatbot to reflect on a recent experience and to think of possible next steps, a conversational tone might yield better results.
• Lastly, teamwork perception was defined as students’ perception of how well they performed as a team to achieve their learning goals.
• With a one-time investment, educators can leverage a self-improving algorithm to design online courses and study resources that go beyond the one-size-fits-all approach, dismantling the age-old education structures.
• Discover the blueprint for exceptional customer experiences and unlock new pathways for business success.

If they find tools complex or difficult to navigate, it may hinder their acceptance and application in educational settings. Ensuring a user-friendly interface and straightforward interactions is important for everyone’s convenience. Digital assistants offer continuous support and guidance to all trainees, regardless of time zones or schedules.

We potentially missed other interesting articles that could be valuable for this study at the date of submission. While using questionnaires as an evaluation method, the studies identified high subjective satisfaction, usefulness, and perceived usability. The questionnaires used mostly Likert scale closed-ended questions, but a few questionnaires also used open-ended questions. Pérez et al. (2020) identified various technologies used to implement chatbots such as Dialogflow Footnote 4, FreeLing (Padró and Stanilovsky, 2012), and ChatFuel Footnote 5.

Stanford has academic skills coaches that support students in developing metacognitive and other skills, but you might also integrate metacognitive activities into your courses with the assistance of an AI chatbot. For example, you and your students could use a chatbot to reflect on their experience working on a group project or to reflect on how to improve study habits. We advise that you practice metacognitive routines first, before using a chatbot, so that you can compare results and use the chatbot most effectively. Keep in mind that the tone or style of coaching provided by chatbots may not suit everyone. Enterprise-grade, self-learning generative AI chatbots built on a conversational AI platform are continually and automatically improving. They employ algorithms that automatically learn from past interactions how best to answer questions and improve conversation flow routing.

Such technologies are increasingly employed in customer service chatbots and virtual assistants, enhancing user experience by making interactions feel more natural and responsive. Patients also report physician chatbots to be more empathetic than real physicians, suggesting AI may someday surpass humans in soft skills and emotional intelligence. As a digital assistant, the EC was designed to aid in managing the team-based project where it was intended to communicate with students to inquire about challenges and provide support and guidance in completing their tasks. According to Cunningham-Nelson et al. (2019), such a role improves academic performance as students prioritize such needs. Therefore, supporting the outcome of this study that observed that the EC groups learning performance and teamwork outcome had a more significant effect size than the CT group. Only four (11.11%) articles used chatbots that engage in user-driven conversations where the user controls the conversation and the chatbot does not have a premade response.

For example, one chatbot focused on the students’ learning styles and personality features (Redondo-Hernández & Pérez-Marín, 2011). As another example, the SimStudent chatbot is a teachable agent that students can teach (Matsuda et al., 2013). In terms of the medium of interaction, chatbots can be text-based, voice-based, and embodied. Text-based agents allow users to interact educational chatbots by simply typing via a keyboard, whereas voice-based agents allow talking via a mic. Voice-based chatbots are more accessible to older adults and some special-need people (Brewer et al., 2018). An embodied chatbot has a physical body, usually in the form of a human, or a cartoon animal (Serenko et al., 2007), allowing them to exhibit facial expressions and emotions.

Another example is the study presented in (Ondáš et al., 2019), where the authors evaluated various aspects of a chatbot used in the education process, including helpfulness, whether users wanted more features in the chatbot, and subjective satisfaction. The students found the tool helpful and efficient, albeit they wanted more features such as more information about courses and departments. In comparison, 88% of the students in (Daud et al., 2020) found the tool highly useful. Shows that ten (27.77%) articles presented general-purpose educational chatbots that were used in various educational contexts such as online courses (Song et al., 2017; Benedetto & Cremonesi, 2019; Tegos et al., 2020). The approach authors use often relies on a general knowledge base not tied to a specific field. Most importantly, chatbots played a critical role in the education field, in which most researchers (12 articles; 33.33%) developed chatbots used to teach computer science topics (Fig. 4).

None of the studies discussed the platforms on which the chatbots run, while only one study (Wollny et al., 2021) analyzed the educational roles the chatbots are playing. The study used “teaching,” “assisting,” and “mentoring” as categories for educational roles. This study, however, uses different classifications (e.g., “teaching agent”, “peer agent”, “motivational agent”) supported by the literature in Chhibber and Law (2019), Baylor (2011), and Kerlyl et al. (2006). Other studies such as (Okonkwo and Ade-Ibijola, 2021; Pérez et al., 2020) partially covered this dimension by mentioning that chatbots can be teaching or service-oriented. Chatbots have been utilized in education as conversational pedagogical agents since the early 1970s (Laurillard, 2013).

Next, perception of the learning process is described as perceived benefits obtained from the course (Wei & Chou, 2020) and the need for cognition as an individual’s tendency to participate and take pleasure in cognitive activities (de Holanda Coelho et al., 2020). The need for cognition also indicates positive acceptance towards problem-solving (Cacioppo et al., 1996), enjoyment (Park et al., 2008), and it is critical for teamwork, as it fosters team performance and information-processing motivation (Kearney et al., 2009). Henceforth, we speculated that EC might influence the need for cognition as it aids in simplifying learning tasks (Ciechanowski et al., 2019), especially for teamwork. You can foun additiona information about ai customer service and artificial intelligence and NLP. Tutoring, which focuses on skill-building in small groups or one-on-one settings, can benefit learning (Kraft, Schueler, Loeb, & Robinson, 2021).

Google Bard seamlessly integrates AI technology with an extensive knowledge repository. As a virtual study partner, it delivers quick answers to questions and provides invaluable research assistance. Google Bard ensures students have access to a vast information database, fostering a thirst for knowledge. With active listening skills, Juji chatbots can help educational organizations engage with their audience (e.g., existing or prospect students) 24×7, answering questions and providing just-in-time assistance.

Additionally, Wollny et al. (2021) argued that educational chatbots make education more available and easily accessible. A conversational agent can hold a discussion with students in a variety of ways, ranging from spoken (Wik & Hjalmarsson, 2009) to text-based (Chaudhuri et al., 2009) to nonverbal (Wik & Hjalmarsson, 2009; Ruttkay & Pelachaud, 2006). Similarly, the agent’s visual appearance can be human-like or cartoonish, static or animated, two-dimensional or three-dimensional (Dehn & Van Mulken, 2000).

We also encourage you to access and use chatbots to complete some provided sample tasks. This chatbot development platform is open source, and you can use it for much more than bot creation. You can use Wit.ai on any app or device to take natural language input from users and turn it into a command.

This is one of the best AI chatbot platforms that assists the sales and customer support teams. It will give you insights into your customers, their past interactions, orders, etc., so you can make better-informed decisions. Any advantage of a chatbot can be a disadvantage if the wrong platform, programming, or data are used. Traditional AI chatbots can provide quick customer service, but have limitations. Many rely on rule-based systems that automate tasks and provide predefined responses to customer inquiries. Artificial intelligence can also be a powerful tool for developing conversational marketing strategies.

AI chatbots equipped with sentiment analysis capabilities can play a pivotal role in assisting teachers. By comprehending student sentiments, these chatbots help educators modify and enhance their teaching practices, creating better learning experiences. Promptly addressing students’ doubts and concerns, chatbots enable teachers to provide immediate clarifications, fostering a more conducive and effective learning environment.

Hobert and Meyer von Wolff (2019), Pérez et al. (2020), and Hwang and Chang (2021) examined the evaluation methods used to assess the effectiveness of educational chatbots. The authors identified that several evaluation methods such as surveys, experiments, and evaluation studies measure acceptance, motivation, and usability. Concerning their interaction style, the conversation with chatbots can be chatbot or user-driven (Følstad et al., 2018). Chatbot-driven conversations are scripted and best represented as linear flows with a limited number of branches that rely upon acceptable user answers (Budiu, 2018).